As wildfires intensify worldwide due to climate change, rapid forest regeneration has become an urgent priority. In India, a group of researchers identified a native species with remarkable characteristics to face this challenge: the chinaberry or Melia azedarach.
This species, native to the sub-Himalayan region, demonstrated remarkable heat tolerance and high regeneration capacity after fires. Plantations carried out in the state of Odisha revealed that, even after being severely affected by the fire, the species was able to sprout again and reach reasonable development in just two years.
The Melia azedarach has other valuable qualities for reforestation: it is fast-growing, tolerates pests and insects, and has a short production cycle. Additionally, its wood can be commercially exploited, providing an additional benefit for farmers who integrate these trees into agroforestry systems.
However, there are also limitations. Uncontrolled propagation can displace other species, and both its fruit and leaves are toxic to animals and humans. Therefore, although its resilience is valued, experts recommend that its use be combined with other native species to avoid negative impacts on biodiversity.
### A Fire Corridor Calling for Urgent Restoration
India is one of the countries most affected by wildfires, with regions like Odisha and Karnataka experiencing frequent incidents in recent years. In this context, having species capable of surviving and regenerating after fire is vital to restore vegetation cover, conserve soils, and protect biodiversity.
The case of the chinaberry gained relevance due to the high survival rate recorded in fire-affected areas. In one of the affected areas in the Gajapati district, over 95% of the specimens survived the fire. These results support its consideration as a tool for environmental recovery, especially in arid and degraded regions.
However, forestry specialists point out that no species should become the sole solution. The most effective reforestation strategies require plant diversity, which not only improves ecological health but also promotes the return of insects, birds, and other species dependent on these ecosystems.
In parallel, the use of trees like the Subabul (Leucaena leucocephala) and the Melia dubia is also promoted, especially in southern India, where they have shown good results in soil restoration and biomass production. Therefore, the choice of the ideal species depends on the type of landscape and the specific objectives of each restoration project.
### How Trees Can Help Stop Forest Fires and Restore Forests
Paradoxically, trees—if selected and managed properly—can become key allies in mitigating and preventing forest fires. Their contribution goes beyond mere vegetation presence: they play a crucial role in regulating microclimates, conserving soil, and halting the advance of fire.
Certain tree species act as natural firebreaks. Those with thick bark, tall canopies, and less flammable leaves, such as cork oak and laurel, are better able to withstand heat and prevent flame spread. Additionally, when planted in strategic strips, they create green barriers that slow down or divert the fire.
Trees also help maintain soil and surrounding environment moisture. Through transpiration, they release water vapor that helps reduce local temperature and increase relative humidity, making nearby vegetation less flammable. Furthermore, their roots stabilize the soil, preventing erosion that may follow a fire and hinder ecosystem regeneration.
Finally, well-preserved and managed forests act as shields against climate change, one of the main causes of increased fires. They absorb carbon dioxide, regulate rainfall, and protect water basins. Therefore, investing in reforestation with resistant species and sustainable forest management is one of the most effective strategies to reduce the risk of future catastrophes.
