Jellyfish, also known as jellyfish, are one of the most fascinating and feared marine creatures for those who enjoy the sea. Their apparent beauty contrasts with the fear generated by jellyfish with their painful stings.
They are invertebrate marine organisms that belong to the cnidarian group and are mostly composed of water, surrounded by a gelatinous structure with tentacles that they use to hunt and defend themselves.
These tentacles are covered with stinging cells called nematocysts, which release a toxic substance upon contact with the skin that can cause health problems. However, there are methods to prevent their stings.
Abundance of jellyfish in warm seas
Jellyfish can be found in almost all the seas and oceans around the world, although they are more common in warm and temperate waters. During certain periods of the year, such as summer, their presence near the coasts increases, raising the risk of stings.
In regions like the Mediterranean, the Caribbean, and the Pacific, jellyfish are often a frequent concern for tourists and locals.
Their stings are not only bothersome but can also cause severe reactions in some people.
Effects of jellyfish stings
Contact with the tentacles of a jellyfish can cause a sting that varies in intensity depending on the species and the sensitivity of the affected person. Common symptoms include:
- Sharp and immediate pain in the contact area.
- Redness, swelling, and hives.
- Burning or itching sensation.
In severe cases, systemic symptoms such as difficulty breathing, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and, rarely, anaphylactic shock can occur.
It is important to note that some jellyfish species, such as the box jellyfish (“Chironex fleckeri”) or the Irukandji jellyfish, have an extremely potent venom that can be lethal if not treated immediately.
Prevention and treatment of jellyfish stings
The best way to avoid jellyfish stings is by taking preventive measures:
- Check before swimming: consult local reports on jellyfish presence on the beach. Many beaches post warnings when there are frequent sightings.
- Use physical protection: wetsuits or long-sleeved shirts can prevent direct contact with the tentacles.
- Avoid areas with high concentrations of jellyfish: if jellyfish are spotted in the water or on the shore, keep a distance.
Treatment for jellyfish stings
- Do not rub the affected area: this can release more venom.
- Rinse with saltwater: never use fresh water, as it can activate remaining nematocysts.
- Apply vinegar: this liquid neutralizes the venom of some species, such as jellyfish from the Indian and Pacific oceans. However, it may not be effective for other species.
- Use heat: immerse the area in hot water (between 40 and 45 degrees Celsius) for 20 to 45 minutes to reduce pain and deactivate the venom.
- Seek medical attention: if symptoms are severe, seek immediate professional care.
Advances in preventing stings
Recent technological advances have developed portable devices that emit ultrasound to deter jellyfish. These devices, easy to carry and water-resistant, create a protective field around the user. Although still in early stages of distribution, initial studies show promising results.
Another notable advance in preventing jellyfish stings is the SPF 50 sunscreen that also acts as a barrier against jellyfish tentacles. This product combines protection against UV rays with ingredients that block the action of nematocysts, preventing the release of toxins upon contact.
Ideal for children and adults, its hypoallergenic and water-resistant formula makes it perfect for long days at the beach. In addition to preventing sunburn, this sunscreen minimizes the risks of discomfort or allergic reactions caused by jellyfish.
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