Chewing gum, or chicle, far from being a simple pastime, represents a silent but alarming source of environmental pollution. Its synthetic base, derived from petroleum, makes it a non-biodegradable product that contributes to the deterioration of urban and natural ecosystems. Unlike other plastics, chewing gum is not recycled and is rarely managed properly.
Recent studies reveal that chewing a piece of gum releases up to 3,000 microplastics into saliva, particles that accumulate in the human body and in the environment. This discovery, made by scientists in the U.S., raises awareness about a type of daily pollution that had previously gone unnoticed.
It is estimated that those who consume gum regularly could ingest up to 30,000 microplastics per year, coming from both synthetic and natural gums. Despite the different ingredients, both versions release similar particles, suggesting that the problem goes beyond the base material.
In addition to its impact on human health, chewing gum contaminates streets, parks, and natural spaces, becoming an economic and environmental burden for cities. Removing a single piece of gum from pavement can cost more than producing it.
Green Alternatives for a Polluting Gum
It is estimated that more than 2 million tons of gum are produced each year, of which 100,000 tons end up as plastic waste on streets and grounds. Its improper disposal affects urban biodiversity and can serve as a vector for bacteria.
Faced with this situation, some initiatives are betting on sustainability. There are biodegradable versions of chewing gum made from tree sap, as originally done in pre-Columbian cultures. However, their distribution remains limited compared to the dominance of major brands.
Another innovative proposal is gum recycling. The Gumdrop project in the UK collects chewing gum waste to make new products such as shoe soles or pens, promoting a circular economy model and reducing environmental impact.
To reduce their ecological footprint, conscious gum consumption becomes essential. Opting for biodegradable alternatives or disposing of it responsibly are simple but key steps to protect global biodiversity and curb the invisible spread of microplastics.
Consequences of Chewing Gum also Affect Human Health
Although chewing gum may seem like a harmless activity, both for the environment and for humans, excessive consumption can have negative effects on health. One of the main risks is associated with excessive artificial sweeteners, such as aspartame or sorbitol, present in many sugar-free gums. These compounds can cause digestive disorders like bloating, gas, or even diarrhea if consumed in large quantities.
Another possible impact is related to temporomandibular joint (TMJ) overload. Constantly chewing gum can generate tension in the jaw, cause pain in facial muscles, or trigger disorders such as bruxism, which involves teeth grinding and discomfort in the head or neck.
Additionally, in people with certain gastric problems, chewing gum stimulates the production of saliva and gastric juices, which can aggravate conditions like acid reflux or cause stomach discomfort if not accompanied by food intake.
On the other hand, sugar-containing gum contributes to dental deterioration, as it promotes the appearance of cavities and enamel erosion. Although some sugar-free versions can help clean teeth between meals, it is important to use them in moderation and as a complement, not a substitute, for proper oral hygiene.
