During the summer months, solar radiation reaches higher levels due to seasonal changes that intensify the arrival of UV rays to the Earth’s surface. The tilt of the planet and the greater verticality of the sun cause solar energy to reach the skin more intensely.
This increase is accentuated in areas with ozone layer depletion, in high-altitude regions, and on surfaces that reflect light such as sand, water, or cement. These conditions make the warm months a critical period for environmental and human health.
The elevated levels of radiation also impact ecosystems. They affect plant productivity, modify biological cycles, and alter the temperature of water bodies, which affects native species. Summer thus becomes a marker of visible environmental changes.
Prolonged exposure during these months is not only a dermatological risk but also an indicator of how climate change intensifies phenomena associated with extreme heat and radiation.
How solar radiation increases in summer
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation increases when sunlight reaches the Earth more perpendicularly. This occurs between December and March in the southern hemisphere, when the distance to the sun is shorter and energy is distributed over a smaller area.
The UV index can increase by 30% to 50% compared to other seasons, reaching levels considered “very high” or “extreme.” This intensity increases even more in southern latitudes, mountainous areas, or places where the atmosphere is thinner.
In addition to the greater natural radiation, environmental factors such as global warming alter the atmospheric dynamics and favor episodes of persistent clear skies, creating days of intense exposure.
Health consequences: a silent threat
Unprotected exposure can cause sunburn in a few hours, especially around noon. These injuries damage the superficial layers of the skin and increase sensitivity to the sun in subsequent days.
The accumulated impact of UV rays accelerates skin aging, promotes the appearance of spots, and weakens the skin’s natural defenses. Repeated exposure increases the risk of developing skin cancer, one of the most common worldwide.
Eyes also suffer from radiation effects, with possibilities of irritation, cataracts, or retinal damage. People with fair skin, children, and the elderly are more vulnerable to these consequences.
How to protect the skin from summer radiation
Sun protection begins by avoiding direct exposure during peak intensity hours, between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m. Staying in the shade significantly reduces the impact of UV rays on the skin.
Using sunscreen with SPF 30 or higher is essential. It should be applied 20 minutes before going out and reapplied every two hours, or after swimming or sweating. Broad-spectrum UVA and UVB protectors offer adequate defense for the summer.
Lightweight clothing but with tight weaves, wide-brimmed hats, and sunglasses with UV filters complete the care strategy. Constant hydration helps keep the skin balanced in high temperatures.
