The advance of cyanobacteria in the Uruguay River once again raises warning signs with the arrival of summer.
According to biologist Eduardo Etchepare, the current climatic, environmental, and human conditions suggest an algal bloom equal to or even greater than that recorded last year, raising concerns about its health and environmental consequences.
The statements were made during the second workday on algal blooms, which brought together municipalities along the river’s coast, provincial organizations, and the Administrative Commission of the Uruguay River (CARU). Etchepare lamented the absence of national organizations, considering the lack of coordination concerning the magnitude of the problem worrying.
The role of CARU
CARU is the organization with exclusive competence for data collection and the official dissemination of information on algal blooms. Its role is crucial to warn swimmers, recreational activities, water treatment plants, and the health system.
Etchepare warned that preventive actions are often implemented late when the phenomenon is already established, and the risks to the population are greater.
What are cyanobacteria
Commonly known as “verdín”, cyanobacteria have existed for billions of years and are essential for life on Earth. However, the current environmental imbalance favors their uncontrolled proliferation, driven by:
- High temperatures and strong solar radiation.
- Stagnant waters and lack of wind.
- Excess nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) from agro-industry and urban effluents.
- Hydrological alterations due to dams and changes in river flow.
The intense rains of the last year increased the nutrient runoff into the Uruguay River and the Salto Grande lake, creating ideal conditions for algae overpopulation.
Impacts of the phenomenon
Human health
- Skin and eye irritations.
- Gastrointestinal problems (diarrhea, vomiting).
- Respiratory issues.
- In severe cases, liver and neurological damage.
Animal health
- Intoxications and deaths in livestock.
- Affecting wildlife such as capybaras.
Ecosystem
- Loss of biodiversity.
- Deterioration of water quality.
Economy
- Negative impact on tourism and recreational activities on beaches.
Proposed solutions and measures
Etchepare emphasized that cyanobacteria are not inevitable: during the 2022-2023 drought, no blooms were recorded, demonstrating the key role of nutrient input. Necessary measures include:
- Infrastructure improvement: construction of sewage treatment plants in riverside cities like Gualeguaychú and Colón.
- Environmental management: reduction of phosphorus and nitrogen input, protection of riverbanks with green curtains, and restoration of wetlands as natural filters.
- Constant monitoring: by CARU and municipalities, with dissemination of alerts to the population.
- Scientific research: universities like UNER study the phenomenon to provide answers to the community.
- Citizen awareness: educational campaigns to reduce pollution and manage risk.
Practical recommendations
- Avoid contact with green and thick water.
- Do not allow pets or children to play in areas with bloom.
- Pay attention to alerts and recommendations from local authorities.
The advance of “verdín” in the Uruguay River reflects a complex environmental problem linked to climate change, pollution, and the lack of integral management. The combination of science, infrastructure, and public policies is essential to reduce risks and protect both the health of riverside communities and the ecosystem’s biodiversity.
