For years, rhinoceroses have been hunted for their horns, which hold high value in the black market. This is why hunters have driven this species to the brink of extinction. However, in South Africa, they found a solution that helped reduce the poaching of rhinoceroses: dehorning them.
A study conducted by Dr. Tim Kuiper, a member of Nelson Mandela University, states that this measure achieved a 78% reduction in poaching during the period 2017-2023. The study documented the poaching of 1985 rhinoceroses in 11 different reserves in the Greater Kruger area.
Despite the encouraging numbers, the study warns that poaching of dehorned rhinoceroses is a growing issue, as hunters now target these animals to obtain the stumps or regrowth. It even adds that this method could divert hunters’ attention to other areas in search of horned populations.
In summary, the poaching of these animals for their horns represents a serious threat to the five rhinoceros species that exist worldwide, as the measures taken so far have not been effective.
The coveted rhinoceros horn: reasons behind illegal hunting
One of the main reasons why hunters target rhinoceroses is the high value of their horns in the black market. Made of keratin—the same protein found in human nails and hair—these horns have become a status and wealth symbol in several Asian countries, where they are used to make decorative objects and traditional medicines.
In oriental medicine, they are attributed with unscientifically proven healing properties, such as the ability to reduce fever or detoxify the body. Despite the lack of evidence supporting these alleged benefits, the demand continues to grow, fueled by deep-rooted cultural beliefs and illegal trafficking.
Furthermore, in some luxury sectors, rhinoceros horn has become an investment asset, comparable to gold or ivory. This phenomenon further drives its commercialization and puts rhinoceros populations at risk, facing a critical threat of extinction due to poaching.
