In a finding that challenges the history of America, a vast aquifer of freshwater has been discovered off the coast of New York. Hidden beneath the seabed, this deposit could supply water to a megacity like New York for about 800 years, according to the Expedition 501.
A Discovery that Changes the History of America
The aquifer extends from New Jersey to Maine and is located under layers of sand covered by impermeable clays. Previous studies had already suggested the presence of large volumes of freshwater, and current estimates indicate that there are about 1,300 cubic kilometers of water, enough to supply a city like New York for more than eight centuries.
As we face increasing water crises, this discovery is seen as a potential treasure. However, scientists urge caution, as the aquifer is considered primarily a natural laboratory, not an immediate source of water.
During the mission of Expedition 501, conducted in May 2025, a team of 41 scientists drilled the seabed to extract 718 sediment samples. Additionally, nearly 50,000 liters of groundwater were recovered, which will allow researchers to better understand the hydrogeological system.
Initial measurements reveal that the water closest to Nantucket and Martha’s Vineyard has low salinity, suitable for human consumption. These extremely diluted waters are rare in marine regions so far from the coast.
The origin of this freshwater is a mystery solved by isotope and radiocarbon analysis. It is mainly fossil water trapped since the last glaciation about 20,000 years ago, when meltwater was pushed underground and covered by clays as sea levels rose.
In a global context where water stress affects millions, this aquifer could be considered an emergency reserve. However, researchers warn that before considering its exploitation, it is crucial to understand if it naturally recharges and what effects its use would have on the environment.
According to a European scientific network, there are more than a million cubic kilometers of freshwater under coastal seas worldwide. Although this sounds promising, its sustainability or environmental impact cannot yet be guaranteed.
The work of Expedition 501 focuses on understanding the dynamics of these aquifers and their role in ecosystems and the water cycle, rather than opening an immediate tap for New York. The initial findings have been published in the journal Proceedings of the International Ocean Discovery Program.
