Underwater forests of tropical kelp are marking a milestone in marine research, thanks to a collaborative effort between experts from the universities of Granada and Málaga, along with the Charles Darwin Foundation (CDF). This innovative study, recently published in the journal Marine Biology, highlights the discovery of a new species of kelp in the tropical region of Galápagos, a finding that could be a significant advancement for science.
New ecosystem: the underwater forest of kelp
In collaboration with the Galápagos National Park Directorate and National Geographic, the study has allowed the exploration of the ecological characteristics of this unique ecosystem. The kelp, known for their imposing size, create dense marine forests similar to mangroves and coral reefs, offering vital habitats for marine biodiversity.
Generally, these forests develop in cold waters, in polar or temperate regions, due to their need for constant light. However, the forest discovered in the Galápagos Marine Reserve breaks this norm by being located in tropical and deep waters, making it unique and of great scientific interest.
The researchers point out that this is the first documentation of such an extensive kelp forest in Galápagos, notably different from the Eisenia galapagensis found previously in 1934.
Advanced technology for exploration
The research has benefited from the latest technologies. Remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) have been fundamental in exploring areas where traditional diving is limited, allowing access to depths greater than 40 meters. In 2018, thanks to an ROV equipped with a mechanical claw, María Altamirano and Julio de la Rosa analyzed samples of the new kelp, a critical step for its taxonomic classification.
Conservation and discovery
Scientists warn about the importance of these macroalgae as ecosystem engineers, highlighting their role in carbon capture and as essential habitats for marine life in Galápagos. The discovery underscores the need to continue exploring and protecting these rich marine ecosystems.
This finding is a reminder of how much remains to be known about marine ecosystems just 50 meters below the ocean’s surface.
International collaboration
The ‘Seamounts’ project, led by Salome Buglass of the CDF, brought together an international team, including researchers from the University of Málaga, the University of Granada, and other global institutions. This collaboration has been fundamental in advancing the knowledge of tropical marine forests.
