The Amazon basin faces a critical challenge: the potential disappearance of small-sized freshwater fish by the mid-21st century. A recent study warns that between 2050 and 2070, these species could see their population reduced by almost 50%, mainly due to climate change.
Amazon: Threat of Extinction of Small Fish
Global warming, along with variations in rainfall, are the main agents of this issue that will especially affect tropical areas, including the Amazon. According to biologist Ana Milena Manjarrés from the National University of Colombia (UNAL), these fish are not only regulators of harmful species but also important bioindicators of water quality.
The research titled “Analysis of the distribution of freshwater fish species at different spatial and temporal scales” emphasizes the variables that could alter the distribution of these species. Through an exhaustive analysis of data on 16,825 species, projections have been made about which ones could disappear in the coming decades.
The study used ModestR software to analyze 19 bioclimatic variables, such as temperature and precipitation. These factors allow predicting that the distribution of fish species could be significantly reduced, ranging between 45.3 and 46.7%, regardless of the year.
An example of the observed variability is the impact on the dormilón or taraira (Hoplias malabaricus), where precipitation influences certain sub-basins in Bolivia more than other areas. The research also highlights that in smaller areas, temperature is the most influential factor, while in larger areas, precipitation becomes more relevant.
In Leticia, a key city in the region, fishing has sustained its economy through species like the pirarucú and bocachico. The continuity of these practices depends on urgent attention to policies and strategies that promote the conservation and restoration of species.
UNAL is implementing projects aimed at strengthening local communities in their capacity to manage and preserve natural resources. An example of this is the “Environmental governance of the Tikuna, Cocama, and Yagua peoples” project, which trains communities to protect their environment.
The need to adopt proactive measures is critical to mitigate the effects of climate change on this valuable ecosystem. Strengthening environmental policies and designing sustainable fishing strategies are indispensable steps to safeguard the biodiversity of the Amazon.
