Despite the decrease in levels of exposure to indoor air pollution, this problem continues to claim millions of lives each year. According to a study published in The Lancet, 1 out of every 3 people breathes polluted air.
In 2021, there were 3.1 million deaths related to this form of pollution, affecting especially low-income countries. Among the victims are over 500,000 children under 5 years old, which accounts for 11% of the global infant mortality.
Causes and Health Consequences
Indoor air pollution arises from the use of solid fuels such as kerosene, coal, wood, and animal dung for cooking. The particles emitted by these materials can enter the bloodstream through the lungs, contributing to the development of diseases such as:
- Lung cancer
- Strokes
- Heart diseases
- Type 2 diabetes
- COPD
- Respiratory infections
- Cataracts
- Neonatal disorders
Regional Disparities
The global percentage of exposure to these fuels decreased from 56.7% in 1990 to 33.8% in 2021. However, due to population growth in regions like Sub-Saharan Africa and Southern Asia, the absolute number of people exposed only decreased by 10%, affecting a total of 2.67 billion.
Sub-Saharan Africa faced the highest exposure rate, with 78.8% of affected people, and an increase in related deaths from 685,000 in 1990 to 741,000 in 2021.
Need for Global Action
Researchers emphasize the importance of supporting low-income communities in their transition to cleaner energy sources. Solutions include:
- Research and development of sustainable technologies
- Grants for clean energies
- Public awareness campaigns
- Implementation of restrictions on carbon dioxide emissions
- Incentives for private investment
These initiatives are essential to reduce health risks, promote sustainable development, and improve the quality of life for millions of people breathing polluted air.
Have you visited our YouTube channel yet? Subscribe now!
