In an archaeological discovery that promises to redefine our understanding of history, a perfectly preserved Byzantine city has been found beneath the sands of the Western Desert of Egypt. Located in the Dakhla oasis, this 1,600-year-old metropolis offers an unprecedented glimpse into life during the Byzantine Empire in Egypt.
A window to the past: Byzantine architecture in Egypt
The city, which could be named a UNESCO World Heritage Site, provides a detailed picture of daily life and urban planning in the 4th century. With remarkably advanced planning, the main streets extended from north to south, crossed by roads from east to west, forming wide public squares.
The settlement’s security was ensured by two watchtowers and a centralized structure with a basilica church that stood out in the urban landscape. This design offers a deep understanding of the architectural and security practices of the time.
Led by archaeologist Mahmoud Massoud, researchers have been amazed by the state of preservation of the domestic structures. The houses still have vaulted roofs, kitchens, and ovens, as well as stone mills used for grinding grains.
Among the recovered objects are bottles of oil and perfumes, oil lamps, and everyday ceramics, adding richness to the historical context of the city.
The discovery goes beyond physical structures. Nearly 200 ostraca with inscriptions in Coptic and Greek were recovered, revealing personal letters and commercial transactions of the time. Additionally, a collection of coins was found, including gold pieces from the reign of Emperor Constantius II.
This discovery allows for the exploration of a chapter in Egypt’s history dominated by Christianity and Byzantine influence, an era that culturally transformed the region.
Simultaneously, in Marina el-Alamein, archaeologists have unearthed 18 ancient tombs, including a granite sarcophagus and bodies with gold leaves in their mouths. This practice, known as “golden tongue,” was believed to allow the deceased to communicate in the afterlife.
