The organization WCS Argentina, which has been monitoring the southern elephant seal for over four decades, presented an alarming report: the population of this iconic species of Patagonia suffered a drastic 61% reduction in just one year, as a result of the highly pathogenic avian influenza epidemic (H5N1) recorded in October 2023.
“It was unthinkable that a healthy population would be endangered in a relatively pristine environment,” said Valeria Falabella, director of coastal-marine conservation at WCS Argentina.
A change in conservation status
From “Least Concern” to “Endangered” according to IUCN criteria.
The report, presented to the authorities of Chubut in September 2025, estimates a total population of 19,871 individuals over one year old, with reductions of 43% in alpha males, 60% in adult females, and a decrease in the production of offspring from 14,427 to 5,677.
These data imply a change in the conservation status of the species, which would now be considered “Endangered”.
Endangered: new conservation category for southern elephant seals in Chubut
A sentinel of the sea facing the climate crisis
The elephant seal reflects the state of ocean health and its emerging threats.
The southern elephant seal is the largest seal in the world. Males can reach 5 meters in length and 4 tons, while females reach 3 meters and 900 kg.
In Península Valdés, more than 80% of the reproductive population in Argentina is concentrated, in a protected area recognized as a UNESCO World Natural Heritage site.
Collaborative science and sustained monitoring
The 2024 census involved more than 20 specialists from national and international institutions.
To assess the impact of the epidemic, a complete census was conducted in October 2024, with the participation of WCS Argentina, CESIMAR-CONICET, University of California-Davis, Fundación Vida Silvestre, APN, and provincial authorities. The next census, in October 2025, will be key to projecting recovery scenarios.
“Sustained research allows us to understand and anticipate the effects of increasingly frequent epidemics,” emphasizes Falabella.
Recommendations to protect the species on the beaches
Avoiding disturbances during reproduction and molting is essential for their survival.
- Stay at least 30 meters away
- Prevent the approach of dogs
- Do not throw stones or cause displacements
- Do not get between the animals and the sea
Territorial management and environmental legislation
WCS Argentina promotes protective measures inside and outside natural areas.
In addition to placing informational signs and carrying out awareness campaigns, in 2025 WCS supported the creation of a provincial law for the protection of the southern elephant seal, which promotes precautionary and responsible management on the coasts of Chubut.
Cover photo: WCS Argentina
