Aviation emissions in Europe reached almost pre-pandemic levels, according to a study by Transport & Environment (T&E).
In 2024, there were 8.4 million flights, generating 187.6 million tons (Mt) of CO₂, representing 98% of the emissions from 2019.
## Lack of regulation in the carbon market
Despite the increase in pollution, T&E points out that 70% of aviation emissions went unpaid due to gaps in European carbon market legislation.
Krisztina Hencz, T&E’s aviation policy manager, criticized this situation, stating that airlines “avoid the true cost of their pollution,” contradicting their environmental commitments made after the pandemic.
## The most polluting airlines
The study reveals that only 10 airlines were responsible for 40% of European aviation emissions in 2024.
The most polluting were:
– **Ryanair** – 16.2 Mt CO₂ (+9% compared to 2023).
– **Lufthansa** – 10 Mt CO₂ (+6%).
– **British Airways** – 8.9 Mt CO₂ (+3%).
– **Air France** – 8.2 Mt CO₂ (-1%).
– **EasyJet, Emirates, KLM, Wizz Air, Iberia, and United Airlines** complete the top 10, with **Iberia** showing the highest year-on-year increase (+10%).
## Expansion of low-cost airlines
The report reflects the growth of low-cost airlines, which continue to gain ground even in international markets traditionally dominated by Lufthansa and Air France.
## The need for stricter regulation
Experts warn that if Europe does not strengthen its environmental policies, the concept of green aviation will remain a utopia.
The upcoming review of the EU carbon market in 2025 will be crucial to establish appropriate tariffs and ensure that airlines are held accountable for their pollution.
