Colombia has concluded a closely contested presidential election with Abelardo de la Espriella defeating Iván Cepeda by less than one percentage point. This result raises significant questions for the environment in one of the world’s most biodiverse countries. Although the National Civil Registry of Colombia reported a 99.997% match between the preliminary count and the official count, this election shows a divided country.
The Environmental Future of Colombia after the Elections
Environmental policies in Colombia are at a crossroads. The new government will have to address crucial issues such as the situation of the Colombian Amazon, energy transition, illegal mining, and community rights. According to the law, the country must reduce its emissions by 51% by 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality by 2050. However, the new administration seems inclined towards the reactivation of oil, gas, and fracking.
The issue of deforestation persists, especially in the Amazon, despite recording 113,608 hectares deforested in 2024, the second lowest figure in years. Regions such as Caquetá, Guaviare, Putumayo, and Meta are crucial for the connection of Andean and Amazonian ecosystems and face challenges such as extensive cattle ranching, land grabbing, and illegal mining.
Abelardo de la Espriella has expressed support for new oil contracts and hydrocarbon exploration, prioritizing energy sovereignty over the green transition. However, a report by IISD, Earth Insight, and OPIAC warns that the expansion of oil and gas in the Amazon threatens indigenous communities and biodiversity. Despite promises of an environmental plan focused on water, biodiversity, and communities, implementation in remote territories remains a challenge.
On the other hand, Iván Cepeda proposed continuing with the Historic Pact, highlighting the importance of bioeconomy and renewable energies. His focus on energy transition and the role of local communities contrasts with De la Espriella’s emphasis on security and economic growth based on the exploitation of natural resources.
Security was a central issue in this election. The expansion of armed groups and issues such as illegal mining and drug trafficking drive violence in the Amazon. Indigenous communities have expressed their concerns at the UN, calling for avoiding purely military responses and advocating for solutions that combine intelligence, justice, and economic alternatives.
Colombia already has significant climate commitments with the OECD, including emission reductions and the protection of climate investments. The new government will need to harmonize the development of the oil industry with these goals, using technology, surveillance, and real consultations to protect sensitive areas such as páramos and indigenous territories.
Ultimately, the balance between economic growth and environmental sustainability will be crucial. The Amazon could become a bargaining chip in political negotiations or be elevated to a national priority. The decision on how to grow will determine the country’s ecological and economic future.
