The United Nations Conference on Climate Change (COP30), to be held in Belém, Brazil, starting on November 10, faces two structural obstacles that could limit its impact: the lack of effective climate financing and the weak political commitment of many countries.
Despite the agreements reached at COP29 in Baku, progress on climate goals remains slow and uneven.
Pre-COP30: Urgent Consensus in a Complex Geopolitical Context
Delegations from 50 countries gather in Brasilia to unlock historically stalled negotiations.
The Pre-COP30, held in Brasilia, aims to build consensus on sensitive topics: how to finance the energy transition and how to ensure that Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) are clear, ambitious, and actionable.
According to the Brazilian Presidency, more than 160 countries have already accredited for the summit, but only 62 have submitted their climate goals, reflecting a concerning lack of global alignment.
“We have not yet achieved the desired results,” warned Marina Silva, Brazil’s Minister of the Environment.
The Pre-COP30 took place in Brasilia.
Climate Financing: Unfulfilled Promises
The wealthiest countries have yet to meet the commitments made in the Paris Agreement and COP29.
In Baku, it was agreed that developed nations would provide $300 billion annually, but a year later, the UN acknowledges that this commitment remains unmet.
This financial gap particularly affects the poorest countries, which possess key natural reserves but lack resources to address global warming.
Forever Tropical Forests Fund: A Concrete Proposal from Brazil for COP30
Lula da Silva launches an initiative to raise $125 billion and reward forest conservation.
During the UN General Assembly, Brazil announced the creation of the Forever Tropical Forests Fund (TFFF), which aims to raise funds from governments and private investors and reinvest them in sovereign bonds.
The fund would generate $4 billion annually for countries that keep their forests standing, and it already has an initial contribution of $1 billion from the Brazilian government.
“We expect equally concrete political commitments at COP30,” said Mauricio Lyrio, Secretary of the Environment at the Brazilian Foreign Ministry.
Restoring Trust and Accelerating Climate Action
COP30 President André Corrêa do Lago acknowledged a considerable frustration among the most vulnerable countries.
The Belém summit, defined by Lula as “the COP of truth,” will have to demonstrate whether the world is truly committed to emission reduction and climate justice.
Denialism and Delays: Persistent Threats
The withdrawal of the United States from the Paris Agreement and delays in submitting NDCs weaken global governance.
The current U.S. government, led by Donald Trump, has disregarded climate agreements and labeled global warming as a “hoax,” exacerbating the crisis of the multilateral system.
If COP30 wants to make an impact, it must translate commitments into concrete disbursements, align local policies, and ensure effective implementation mechanisms.
