PFAS (perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances) are a family of approximately 15,000 synthetic compounds known as “forever chemicals” due to their resistance to natural degradation. They can persist in the environment for thousands of years.
Where are PFAS found?
Thanks to their ability to withstanding heat, water, and dirt, PFAS have become a key component in multiple industrial and consumer products such as:
- Waterproof clothing.
- Water-resistant makeup.
- Stain-resistant carpets.
- Medical devices.
- Semiconductors and wind turbines.
However, these compounds easily spread through water and air, contaminating ecosystems and sources of drinking water. They have been detected in human blood, hair, and breast milk, accumulating in the body over time.
Health Impacts
Although only a few PFAS variants have been extensively studied, scientists have linked these compounds to various health problems, including:
- High cholesterol.
- Thyroid diseases.
- Hormonal disruptions.
- Decreased fertility.
- Certain types of cancer.
Despite these concerns, regulation of PFAS remains limited in the European Union and the United States, leading to a growing demand for control and elimination measures.
The fight for stricter regulations
The issue of PFAS has raised concerns in numerous cities and communities. In fact, 98% of Americans have detectable levels of PFAS in their blood, and a significant portion of tap water in the U.S. is contaminated.
Elimination Methods: Are They Effective?
Removing PFAS from the environment is possible, but existing methods are complex and costly:
- Filtration: Captures PFAS from water but does not destroy them, transferring them to landfills.
- Incineration: Requires specialized facilities and is a high-energy-consuming process.
In Portsmouth, new groundwater treatment plants and special filters have been implemented, though effectiveness remains a challenge.
Future Regulations and Bans in the EU
The European Chemicals Agency is evaluating the possible ban of over 10,000 PFAS, a crucial step to minimize their impact. In the U.S., the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has stepped back from national regulation, leaving the responsibility to each state.
Currently, manufacturers must report the production of new PFAS for evaluation, but in many cases, banned substances are replaced by equally toxic ones, perpetuating the issue.
The debate on PFAS remains ongoing, and the need for stricter regulations is urgent. With new policies and technologies, it is expected that contamination by these forever chemicals can be progressively reduced, protecting the environment and public health.
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