The EAT-Lancet Commission proposes to reform the food system through a plant-based diet. This could prevent millions of deaths and significantly reduce agricultural emissions.
Up to 15 million deaths could be avoided each year and agricultural emissions reduced by 15% if populations worldwide adopted healthier and more sustainable diets, according to the latest report from the EAT-Lancet Commission, comprised of scientists from various disciplines and regions.
The study analyzes the role of food in human health, climate change, biodiversity, and working conditions within the global food system.
Planetary health diet: benefits for the body and the environment
The report updates the proposal of a “planetary health diet”, focused on grains, fruits, vegetables, nuts, and legumes, with a moderate portion of animal protein and dairy.
It is recommended to limit red meat to once a week, especially in high-income countries, where excessive consumption disproportionately contributes to global warming.
“Human health and planetary health are aligned,” the researchers state. The recommendations are based on data about preventable diseases such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, but they also have a strong environmental impact.
The food system as a driver of the climate crisis
Food production is the main factor pushing the planet beyond its ecological limits.
Beyond greenhouse gas emissions, the report considers land use, water pollution, biodiversity loss, and ecosystem degradation. It concludes that the current food system is the biggest culprit in bringing Earth to the brink of environmental collapse.
“If we don’t change our way of eating, we will fail in the climate agenda, in biodiversity protection, and in food security,” warned Johan Rockström, co-author of the study.
Food justice: an unequal system that violates rights
Almost half of the world’s population lacks access to adequate food, healthy environments, or decent work.
The report also denounces that ethnic minorities, indigenous peoples, women, children, and communities in conflict zones face specific risks within the global food system.
The transformation must include equity and justice perspectives, ensuring that no one is left behind in accessing healthy and sustainable food.
A call to political and citizen action
Changing what we eat can strengthen health, the environment, and social cohesion.
With the upcoming United Nations COP, researchers urge governments to incorporate food science into their climate policies. Ignoring this dimension weakens the resilience of societies and compromises the planet’s future.
“Food is a deeply personal choice, but also a powerful tool for global change,” concludes Rockström.
