A study led by The Ohio State University has revealed that living near the sea is associated with a longer life expectancy, thanks to a combination of environmental, social, and economic factors that characterize coastal areas.
The results were published in the journal Environmental Research and offer new perspectives for urban design and public health.
Blue spaces: not all provide the same benefits
Although it was thought that any “blue space”—such as rivers, lakes, or coasts—could have positive effects on health, the study found significant differences.
According to lead researcher Jianyong Wu, professor of Environmental Health Sciences, the benefits are concentrated in coastal areas, while inland areas near freshwater bodies showed a negative association with life expectancy.
Methodology: analysis of over 66,000 census tracts
The team gathered information on life expectancy at birth in over 66,000 U.S. census tracts, combining it with variables such as:
- Average temperature and temperature extremes
- Air quality
- Susceptibility to droughts and floods
- Access to transportation and leisure
- Perception of income and socioeconomic conditions
Why do people live longer near the sea?
Among the factors that explain greater longevity in coastal areas, the study highlights:
- Fewer number of extremely hot days
- Reduction in cold days and lower maximum temperatures
- Better air quality
- Greater access to recreational spaces and urban services
These conditions help reduce exposure to respiratory, cardiovascular diseases, and heat stress, improving the quality of life for those living near the sea.
Contrasts between urban and rural areas with inland water bodies
The study also identified that rural areas near lakes and rivers show a positive correlation with life expectancy, in contrast to urban areas with large continental water bodies, where a negative relationship was observed.
This suggests that population density and exposure to urban pollutants could influence the results.
Implications for urban design and environmental equity
The researchers emphasize that these results can serve as a scientific basis for urban planning, residential development, and the design of environments that promote longer and healthier lives.
Furthermore, they highlight the importance of ensuring equitable access to the environmental benefits offered by coastal spaces.
