The Mediterranean Diet is not just a dietary pattern, but a true philosophy of life. It is characterized by being sustainable, prudent, healthy, nutritious, and pleasing to the palate. In addition to its nutritional benefits, it represents history, culture, and gastronomic tradition.
UNESCO inscribed it on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, recognizing its value as a symbol of identity and good eating.
Proven Benefits
Numerous studies have shown that Mediterranean countries have lower rates of chronic diseases and a higher life expectancy, thanks to this dietary model based on fruits, vegetables, whole grains, olive oil, and moderate consumption of fish and meats.
A Tradition in Decline
However, the Mediterranean diet “is being lost even in the countries where it was born,” warned Lynnette Neufeld, director of the FAO’s Food and Nutrition Division. The abandonment of this pattern is due to the increase in the consumption of ultra-processed foods and the reduction of fresh products.
This change is concerning due to its implications for health, culture, and sustainability. The expert noted that the deterioration is linked to the increase in overweight and obesity in countries like Italy, Spain, and Greece.
Health Risks
Abandoning the Mediterranean diet increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and some types of cancer. It can also lead to vitamin and mineral deficiencies, which Neufeld defined as “hidden hunger”.
The specialist reminded that the diet is not just what is eaten, but also how it is eaten: interaction with family and friends, connection with the land, and social practices that reinforce healthy habits.
International Recognition
The UN General Assembly established November 16 as International Mediterranean Diet Day, an initiative promoted by Italy and other Mediterranean countries.
The FAO will play a central role in the annual activities, with actions of dissemination and awareness directed at both the public and policymakers.
Ongoing Initiatives
The FAO is developing SABIR, a knowledge center that will gather scientific evidence, consumption data, and resources on traditional diets. Additionally, it seeks to improve the collection of information on dietary patterns to understand how they are changing and better guide interventions.
Conclusion
The Mediterranean Diet is one of the most studied dietary models in the world, with solid evidence of its benefits. Preserving it is essential for the health of the population and to promote sustainable food systems.
As Neufeld concluded: “We hope these initiatives will help preserve healthy diets that are essential for the health of the population and to promote sustainable food systems”.
